Direct Instruction

Direct Instruction, likewise, has a rich research base proving its effectiveness. Pioneered by Professor Siegfried Engelmann in the 1960s, Direct Instruction (DI) is a method of instruction that is explicit, intensive, and teacher-directed. This method is based on a careful analysis of different content areas to determine the sequence of skills and concepts needed to master a wide variety of academic subjects.

The Direct Instruction approach teaches children increasingly complex skills and strategies by employing the following principles: First, all concepts are broken into sub skills—small component skills that are taught one-by-one. Second, each skill is taught so that students fully understand it. Then, each skill is practiced until it is completely mastered. In this way, students learn to generalize and apply strategies that have been taught. The result for students is not only the ability to apply their information, skills, and strategies in real-life situations, but also greater confidence in their own ability to learn.

From a data-driven instructional perspective, D.I. integrates a system of data collection, analysis, and problem-solving procedures to assure that instruction is individualized for all students. D.I. is a model for teaching that emphasizes well-developed and carefully planned lessons designed around small learning increments and clearly defined and prescribed teaching tasks. It is based on the theory that clear instruction eliminating misinterpretations can greatly improve and accelerate learning.

Many research studies, including Project Follow-Through, the largest and longest education research study ever commissioned by the federal government, confirm that Direct Instruction is effective in improving student academic achievement across all socio-economic groups. For more information on this important study, one may reference ADI, Effective School Practices, Winter 1995-96 or Engelmann's Direct Instruction and Project Follow Through.

The Catalog of School Reform Models from the National Clearinghouse for Comprehensive School Reform adds that "several . . . studies reported that Direct Instruction students continued to outperform control students in middle and high school, and two found that Direct Instruction students had higher graduation rates and college acceptance rates than control group students."

Want to read more about Direct Instruction?

See the Direct Instruction overview at "An Educator's Guide to Schoolwide Reform." and the following article on Direct Instruction: An Educators' Guide and a Plea for Action.

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